Draft Course Plan for Planners in Kabul

12 November 2002

Background:

A. How are cities managed?
1. Cities as 'public companies:' voluntary incorporation, the virtual body as legal shield
2. City, County, State, Federal Heirarchy: problem for regional coordination
3. Funding: by Property Tax, Local Sales Tax, Bonds (debt)
4. Urban development: Township-subdivisions, city plans, railroad towns
5. Governance: councils vs. mayors, nonpartisan civil service, community organizations
6. Water, power, and transport: public or private?
7. The General Plan: mission statement for the community; core of planning code

B. What types of planning are there?
1. Land Use planning & Zoning: maintaining property values
2. Setbacks, Height Limits, Design Guidelines, Design Review: controlling character
3. Regional and Economic Planning: Planner as researcher and resource
4. Transportation Planning: response to, or cause of, types of growth
5. Private sector planning, the planner as public servant or community activist

C. What are specific tools planners use in urban development?
1. The Building Permit: primary point of control
2. Information: plat-maps, property records, census, surveys, business and real estate data
3. 30-year FDIC-insured mortgages as a housing policy
4. Public Health standards: housing, water & air quality
5. Building Safety Codes: life-safety, performance-based regulations vs. prescriptive
6. Standards: ISO, IBC, ASTM, CSI, other resources

Failures:

Suburban Sprawl, or, why we are oil-dependent
Urban Decline, or, the geography of racism. Toxic soils, invisibility of the poor
Sick Buildings and Sick Children: poor air quality or excessive sterility?

Present Trends:

Sustainability/Green Planning
New Urbanism
ADA as a policy case study

Questions for the future:

1. How are urban and regional governments organized in Afghanistan? How has this changed over the last 400 years?
2. How did the Ghaznivids and Mughals conceive of cities, and what were the actual processes of urban development in these periods?
3. How are civil codes applied by Islamic courts in Afghanistan?
4. How are the Sunni contractual, legal, and legislative traditions different than the Shiite Iranian tradition?
5. What was the role of a civil servant in Kabul in 1975?
6. What are the valuable lessons to be learned from Iran, Pakistan, Tajikistan, and the Soviet system?
7. How can expatriate Afghan professionals be a resource for Afghanistan?